Literacy and First Graders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Proficiency and First Graders - Essay Example Taking a gander at proficiency and perusing availability at the scholarly and educational level, it is a lot simpler to see the current issues and worries in writing. Pre-perusing abilities are as of now viewed as of the most significant in youngsters figuring out how to peruse rapidly and effectively. These aptitudes incorporate, however are not restricted to locate attention to letters and basic words, phonemic mindfulness, fundamental understanding, composing abilities, jargon, and word assault abilities. Sight mindfulness recommends that kids can completely perceive all letters in both lower and capitalized shapes, and can perceive basic and basic words (the, at, apple) consistently, with no help. This is maybe the most urgent of all pre-understanding aptitudes, since kids utilize this base to construct jargon. Phonemic mindfulness is a youngster's comprehension of what sounds a letter or a couple of letters makes, and how it can change from circumstance to circumstance. This acknowledgment makes it workable for kids to connect a composed and an expressed word in their brain. Essential cognizance manages a kid understanding what they have peru sed or had perused to them, and ready to talk about what they have recently perused or heard. Fundamental cognizance aptitudes are basic for effective perusers, since it isn't the capacity to peruse a word, rather the capacity to comprehend the word that is being tried. Composing aptitudes are considered pre-understanding abilities, since they assist kids with building up a physical comprehension of how words are shaped, and how letters are framed. Alongside fundamental cognizance, composing is utilized to decide a youngster's proficiency rate, as opposed to essentially improve their capacity to peruse. While expanded perusing has been demonstrated to improve composing aptitudes, there have been no ongoing investigations proposing that the inverse is valid. Jargon is the words that a kid knows, which help them to interpret words that they are new to. The more noteworthy a kid's jargon, the more prominent possibility they have of being fruitful in understanding another word or though t. Jargon is constructed both through effective understanding aptitudes, and through perception of stories both read by the kid and read to the youngster. At long last, word assault aptitudes are the youngster's capacity to take a gander at a word and to effectively interpret its significance, in the setting where it has been introduced. The additionally ready to assault a word a kid is, the more noteworthy possibility they have of succeeding. These aptitudes are for the most part essential pre-understanding abilities, and are introduced in Tivnan and Hemphill's 2005 investigation of proficiency programs in high neediness regions. By taking a gander at youngsters from high neediness territories, and from minority gatherings, obviously proficiency is as yet an essential worry for the instructive network. Youngsters from low financial classes, especially those from minority families, are in danger of creating poor education aptitudes. These kids enter school with less early education preparing, and are bound to leave grade school with a lacking capacity to peruse (Tivnan and Hemphill, 2005). Unmistakably, early prologue to pre-understanding aptitudes and proficiency crusades has a critical effect in kids' capacity to exceed expectations at the understanding assignment. Youngsters from poor

Difficulties in an Internet Music Promotion Company Free Essays

JEJA Entertainment is an incredible method to offer unrecorded music amusement to music sweethearts and fans in Australia and to the remainder of the world. JEJA is situated in Australia yet since the Internet can't be bound to a specific topographical zone, the items and administrations of JEJA Entertainment should be offered to music fans everywhere throughout the world. In spite of the fact that the Internet is an intriguing and rising methods for circulating media content, there are still startup costs that must be thought of. We will compose a custom paper test on Troubles in an Internet Music Promotion Company or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now More often than not, web business people investigate their plan of action while seeking after a different profession. This empowers them to have a fallback should the Internet business fizzle. Then again, this could likewise be hostile to the ceaseless development of the business. Web business visionaries face various difficulties in building up their business. For one, the issue of capital is a significant one. The Internet might be viewed as a minimal effort choice for appropriation, yet there are various working costs that must be taken into accountâ€the area name and web servers, the IT faculty who will make and keep up the website pages of the webpage, the showcasing staff and the creation group among others. This will include a large number of dollars if it somehow managed to turn out to be genuinely fruitful. While web showcasing by means of email can be a decent beginning stage, there ought to likewise be disconnected advancement with the goal that more individuals can be made mindful of the organization and the sorts of items and administrations that it offers (Perrini, 2006). Startup Capital and Funding Creative and original thoughts that have been to a great extent untested do have a major potential for achievement on the planet, particularly so if the medium picked, for example, the Internet has such a great amount of space for development. However, on account of this exact same thing, various web media business new companies fall flat! Web business people need startup capital and cash that could assist them with continuing the tasks of their web business up to such time that they can remain all alone and begin procuring benefits. Lacking subsidizing would imply that the business won't develop as fast as it is seen to be and it won't likewise become as gainful as the field-tested strategy states. Perhaps the most concerning issue that web business people face is the place to get startup cash that will help them arrangement gear and other required materials and system for the business. Regardless of how great a thought might be, without startup capital, it will stay as a smart thought and will never be propelled to the entire world. Wellsprings of Startup Capital For JEJA Entertainment, there are various wellsprings of startup capital that they can draw from. Before recognizing the wellsprings of startup capital, in any case, the business people should lay downâ ¬ the anticipated costs in firing up the business. This ought to incorporate all costs, for example, hardware, the foundation of website pages and the support costs, the servers, the area name, the underlying limited time costs among others. This could lead them to a reasonable perspective on the costs that they will confront. At the point when these costs will have been spread out, at that point the genuine measure of financing required for a while (or years) would then be able to be anticipated up to such time that the business can get productive. Individual assets and Loan from Family and Friends The most straightforward wellspring of startup capital, maybe, could be the individual assets of the business people who will take part in the business. More often than not, business visionaries utilize their own reserve funds they have picked up from long periods of filling in as representatives. There are additionally business visionaries who acquired a sizable total of cash that they at that point redirect the cash for the business that they have conceptualized without anyone else or with different companions that they have. In situations where the individual assets of the business people are insufficient to cover the startup costs, they solicit the assistance from their loved ones in subsidizing their business. Web business might be less exorbitant than a disconnected business that offers â€Å"physical† items and administrations. The issue with the subsidizing from loved ones cash, in any case, is this may give the loved ones some desire that they additionally have significant stakes in the business something other than the cash that they loaned in beginning the business. This can prompt stressed connections and issues in the business because of the indistinct desires from loved ones. On the off chance that JEJA Entertainment will depend on this sort of startup financing, at that point the desires from the two gatherings ought to be clear in order to maintain a strategic distance from any contention in the zones of activities of the business. Subsidizing from Banks and Lending Organizations Another more dangerous wellspring of startup capital is financing from banks and loaning associations. To get advances from banks and other loaning associations, there is a requirement for insurance as land, vehicle or other significant security. Contingent upon the sufficiency of the marketable strategy, banks may subsidize the startup with the goal that it can take off and get gainful in the long haul. Persuading banks to discharge reserves, be that as it may, is a major test as they need to limit the dangers they face in loaning so they can augment their benefits. Investment One of the significant wellsprings of assets that have become visible as of late is funding from what has been affectionately called as â€Å"angel financial specialists. † These holy messenger financial specialists give truly necessary cash-flow to business people in the twenty-first century. Funding, really, can add to the drawn out achievement of a web business startup. Blessed messenger speculators can help maturing web organizations to endure the initial scarcely any long stretches of rivalry and challenges in the market. Most new businesses typically tap funding financial specialists not during startup however during the following barely any long periods of their activities. On the off chance that a web business doesn't draw in investment, it will undoubtedly bomb inside three years as indicated by an examination made by Gompers and Lerner (2002). Long haul Profitability, Branding and Reputation Building Even if startup capital were found for JEJA organization, there are as yet various components that it ought to conquer if it somehow happened to be gainful and manageable over the long haul. Long haul gainfulness can be guaranteed through an assortment of systems and a cautious administration of assets. New capital is likewise required if JEJA somehow managed to be really effective. Brand building is another significant issue that JEJA should participate in. An effective marking methodology could likewise fabricate the notoriety of the organization. As time goes on, this can enable the organization to bundle itself as a decent alternative for investors and to its customers everywhere throughout the world. JEJA should be forceful in its marking procedures since it faces a tough move with different rivalries on the web. Regardless of whether the online show choice is a decent selling point, the organization needs to make its crowd and make it overpowering. The organization should contribute on promoting speculations on the web and disconnected in order to make individuals mindful of what the business offers. Deliberately positioned promotions on high traffic sites and disconnected ads can yield returns. Also, media presentation and notoriety getting through sponsorship of shows by significant specialists, artists and on-screen characters and on-screen characters that visit Australia. Indeed, even significant occasions in Australia can be secured by the organization to increase more prominent reach, believability and the inclinations of customers. The life span of these marking procedures can't be guaranteed over the long haul (Kotha, Rajgopal Rindova, 2001). Along these lines, JEJA Company needs to remain side by side with developing patterns in media outlets and in the Internet. These things make the marking systems progressively troublesome as the promoting staff of the organization should monitor two disparate albeit related fieldsâ€the media outlet just as the gathering of fans and media content buyers just as the conduct of web surfers and buyers. Long haul Growth and Strategic Management Securing startup capital is nevertheless one of the initial steps that JEJA Company should make sure about. As the activities of the organization proceed and it picks up brand acknowledgment in Australia and everywhere throughout the world, it should set up a drawn out arrangement that manages the need of new capital, compelling administration of assets and the foundation of a solid and conspicuous Australian brand. Media outlets is profoundly unstable and constantly evolving. On the off chance that the marking procedures of JEJA were successful, it can promptly connect with investors for the arrangement of new money to fund extension of activities, offering extra administrations and items, connecting progressively geological territories, and building up associations with a bigger number of creation organizations and studios. The nearness of funding is an extraordinary methods for guaranteeing the drawn out development and gainfulness of web organizations (Davila, Foster 7 Gupta, 2003). Thusly, it needs to proactively search out financial speculators who have confidence in the plan of action of JEJA. This should be possible through systems administration, successful exposure and brand building and ensuring that the business conveys the anticipated salary and development. End Internet organizations, for example, Amazon. com, Yahoo, Barnes and Nobles and IVillage among others have, at a certain point, began with constrained understanding and financing. However, with viable raising of startup capital, powerful marking and vital administration, they figured out how to develop their organizations (Carpenter, 2000). In spite of the fact that financing is not the same as the domain of the executives and marking methodologies, it is as yet an exceptionally significant piece of the activities of the matter of JEJA. Most likely, there will be new patterns and difficulties that will emerge in the region of web media business. Ye

Spring Break

Spring Break I spent spring break in Iceland, mostly in the backseat of a white car on the asphalt roads of Route 1 but also behind a waterfall and atop a glacier and in a cabin on the black sand beaches of Vík.   Heres a quick post about that experience, written as I continue to deny the fact that school has resumed. After landing in the Keflavík airport at 4 AM on Tuesday, we spent the first day driving along the Golden Circle, a route that loops from Reykjavík into central Iceland and back. It hits a few prime tourist attractions, such as the Þingvellir national park, Gullfoss waterfall, the Geysir field, and the Kerið crater. Meet the fam: Here we are at Gullfoss! From left to right: Ryan B. 18, Mitchell G. 18, me, Crystal W. 18, Prafulla D. 17. The Kerið volcanic crater lake. On the second day we drove to the village Vík, where our hotel for the second night was located. We explored the area south of Reykjavík, making stops along the way to see waterfalls and to catch our first glimpse of Víks beaches. (1) Me enjoying myself at a stop en route to Vík, feeling very happy and enthusiastic about the rainbow in the background!! (2) The view from behind the Seljalandsfoss waterfall. The black sand beach in Vík. That night, at the hotel, we sat in a geothermal hot tub for several hoursthere was a power outage, it was cold out, no one wanted to move. At around 1 AM, we finally got out of the hot tub, shivered all the way back to our room, and went to sleep, preparing for another long day of exploration. The third day was packed with adventurewe spent the morning ascending the 221 meters of Hjörleifshöfði (a tuff promontory). We were caught in extreme winds and a painful hailstorm, but fortunately, all of us made it back to the car unscathed. We were driving toward the town Höfn, where our hostel for the night was located; about halfway between Vík and Höfn, we visited the Skaftafell preservation region. Skaftafell contains Svartifoss, a famous waterfall surrounded by basalt columns, as well as the Hundafoss waterfall and the Sjónarnípa viewpoint. (1) Hiking Hjörleifshöfði in heavy hail. (2) The resting place of the second settler of Iceland, atop Hjörleifshöfð. (3) A casual photo taken of the scenery outside the window during our drive. (1) Abbey River: Recreating Beatles album art in the Fjaðrárgljúfur canyon. (2) The Hundafoss waterfallwere the tiny figures to the left of the top of the waterfall. The Svartifoss waterfall. A panorama from the Sjónarnípa viewpoint. After a busy third day, we enjoyed a relatively relaxed Day 4we visited a glacier lagoon and returned to Vík to stay in a cabin on the beach (fun fact: the cabin was built by our talented Airbnb host). 5 buffoons and a lagoon. (1) Yoga on the beach!! (2) Standing on the basalt columns of Víks beach. Our cabin was a five-minute walk from this area. On Day 5, we backtracked to Skaftafell, where wed registered to take part in a glacier walk/tour. On the way, we visited the Skögafoss waterfall. Skögafoss and a rainbow. (1) Conquering the Svínafellsjökull glacier, where scenes from Interstellar and Game of Thrones were filmed. (2) Ascending a ~*~very tall, very real~*~ mountain!!!!!! We returned to Reykjavík that evening to explore the nightlife. Though I unfortunately have no good photos of that night, I do remember having a good time dancing to 80s music at the Lebowski bar. We intended to spend Day 6 exploring Reykjavík, but we realized too late that it was Easter Sunday, which meant that many attractions (notably, this museum) were closed. We were, however, still able to visit a church, eat lunch at a hip laundromat-café, visit an exhibit in the Saga Museum, and enjoy a gourmet (by which i mean absurdly expensive/bougie/wallet-emptying but incredibly delicious) Icelandic seafood dinner. The Hallgrímskirkja church. The main event of that day occurred after nightfall, when we drove to the lawn of the Icelandic presidents house to view the northern lights. We were worried that we wouldnt catch the aurora on our trip, and this was our final opportunity to do sofortunately, we got lucky with clear skies through which the lights were visible! The photos are a bit blurry because theyre long-exposure shots taken without a tripod, but in any case, the sky was beautiful that night. The aurora! Day 7 was our last day in Iceland. Our final destination was the Blue Lagoon geothermal spa, which we visited on our way back to the airport. Silica mud masks at Blue Lagoon. When I was trying to recruit friends to go on the trip with me, I sent an email that said there is a geothermal spa and waterfalls and a stark, breathtaking landscape. Ive never been, but Ive been to Norway, and based on that experience, Scandinavia is not just really photogenic; it is even more striking in person. I still stand by these statements (except, of course, Ive never been). With the exception of the northern lights, the real thing is better than the photos. Anyway, Im now convinced that Iceland is the country with the highest concentration of beautiful sights, and I would highly recommend traveling there to anyone who can stand cold weatherplane tickets are cheap and the landscape is gorgeous. I was grateful for the opportunity to escape the MIT bubble and the professional world, to really relax for the first time in many months. My only regret about the trip is that it couldnt be longer, and I would happily visit again someday! A final, unrelated note: now that were in the season of college decisions and CPWif youll be on campus for CPW and want to meet up, email me and Ill see what I can do! I unfortunately wont be at many scheduled events because Ill be spending a lot of time with my parents, who are visiting that weekend, but Im always interested in meeting yall. :~) Spring Break This past week was, hands down, the best spring break of my college career. It didnt seem that way at first. I was scheduled to fly out last Friday: Boston New York Houston. I managed to get to New York, but then my flight got canceled, leaving me frustrated and with an intense craving for home/family/my moms food none of which Id had in nearly a year. Things perked up slightly when I walked into my Delta-provided hotel room and saw a beautiful queen size bed. I curled up and (1) watched Finding Nemo, and (2) started reading Hunger Games. At some point, I fell into a dreamless sleep, and eight hours later, woke up to catch my flight and arrive safely in the ever-humid city of Houston, Texas. Enter: sleep, food, an absence of psets, and the realization that my younger brother is way taller than I am. I spent the first few days of Spring Break lazing about the house, taking four-hour naps a little too often and relishing the taste of home-cooked food. I dragged my mom and brother to the theater to watch Hunger Games (go watch it its awesome!) and finished the rest of the book series. I glanced briefly at homework but only to tell myself that it didnt look too bad and fully qualified for procrastination. On Tuesday, I joined three of my favorite 12s (Vidya, Helen, and Yun) on a mini-roadtrip to the small town of Brenham, home of Blue Bell ice cream. We took a tour of the ice cream factory + got free ice cream! Yummmmm :) Here are some pics from our Brenham trip (some of which are heavily edited since Vidya and Yun got a little excited about Picasas new editing features, loll): (L-R: Yun 12, Vidya 12 Imitating the owls!) (Me: freaking out about flowers) (Helen 12: reliving her childhood) (L-R: Yun 12, me bluebonnets!!) On Wednesday, Yun and I made our way to the 2012 Livestrong Assembly, held in Austin, Texas. As co-chairs for Camp Kesem MIT this year, we joined Ram 13 in repping our Camp Kesem chapter at the Assembly. Last year, Livestrong made Camp Kesem one of their community impact projects, allowing 12 new Camp Kesem chapters to be created all over the nation all of which will launch their first camps this upcoming summer. At the Assembly, we had a chance to meet Livestrong leaders and community partners from all over the world (Africa, Pakistan, Canada, and more). It was incredibly inspiring and the best part? WE GOT TO MEET LANCE ARMSTRONG!!!!! Check out this vid from the Assembly: Awesome, right??? :) Other cool things from the conference: networking with Livestrong affiliates in the Boston area, reuniting with CK people from other chapters, eating amazing food, and snuggling into queen-size beds at night. Im back in Boston now and missing Texas big-timeespecially since I have a lotttt of work to do between now and Monday. Regardless, I wouldnt have given up this Spring Break for anything. I hope all of you had fantastic Spring Breaks as well! Comment below what did you do over break?

Spring Break

Spring Break I spent spring break in Iceland, mostly in the backseat of a white car on the asphalt roads of Route 1 but also behind a waterfall and atop a glacier and in a cabin on the black sand beaches of Vík.   Heres a quick post about that experience, written as I continue to deny the fact that school has resumed. After landing in the Keflavík airport at 4 AM on Tuesday, we spent the first day driving along the Golden Circle, a route that loops from Reykjavík into central Iceland and back. It hits a few prime tourist attractions, such as the Þingvellir national park, Gullfoss waterfall, the Geysir field, and the Kerið crater. Meet the fam: Here we are at Gullfoss! From left to right: Ryan B. 18, Mitchell G. 18, me, Crystal W. 18, Prafulla D. 17. The Kerið volcanic crater lake. On the second day we drove to the village Vík, where our hotel for the second night was located. We explored the area south of Reykjavík, making stops along the way to see waterfalls and to catch our first glimpse of Víks beaches. (1) Me enjoying myself at a stop en route to Vík, feeling very happy and enthusiastic about the rainbow in the background!! (2) The view from behind the Seljalandsfoss waterfall. The black sand beach in Vík. That night, at the hotel, we sat in a geothermal hot tub for several hoursthere was a power outage, it was cold out, no one wanted to move. At around 1 AM, we finally got out of the hot tub, shivered all the way back to our room, and went to sleep, preparing for another long day of exploration. The third day was packed with adventurewe spent the morning ascending the 221 meters of Hjörleifshöfði (a tuff promontory). We were caught in extreme winds and a painful hailstorm, but fortunately, all of us made it back to the car unscathed. We were driving toward the town Höfn, where our hostel for the night was located; about halfway between Vík and Höfn, we visited the Skaftafell preservation region. Skaftafell contains Svartifoss, a famous waterfall surrounded by basalt columns, as well as the Hundafoss waterfall and the Sjónarnípa viewpoint. (1) Hiking Hjörleifshöfði in heavy hail. (2) The resting place of the second settler of Iceland, atop Hjörleifshöfð. (3) A casual photo taken of the scenery outside the window during our drive. (1) Abbey River: Recreating Beatles album art in the Fjaðrárgljúfur canyon. (2) The Hundafoss waterfallwere the tiny figures to the left of the top of the waterfall. The Svartifoss waterfall. A panorama from the Sjónarnípa viewpoint. After a busy third day, we enjoyed a relatively relaxed Day 4we visited a glacier lagoon and returned to Vík to stay in a cabin on the beach (fun fact: the cabin was built by our talented Airbnb host). 5 buffoons and a lagoon. (1) Yoga on the beach!! (2) Standing on the basalt columns of Víks beach. Our cabin was a five-minute walk from this area. On Day 5, we backtracked to Skaftafell, where wed registered to take part in a glacier walk/tour. On the way, we visited the Skögafoss waterfall. Skögafoss and a rainbow. (1) Conquering the Svínafellsjökull glacier, where scenes from Interstellar and Game of Thrones were filmed. (2) Ascending a ~*~very tall, very real~*~ mountain!!!!!! We returned to Reykjavík that evening to explore the nightlife. Though I unfortunately have no good photos of that night, I do remember having a good time dancing to 80s music at the Lebowski bar. We intended to spend Day 6 exploring Reykjavík, but we realized too late that it was Easter Sunday, which meant that many attractions (notably, this museum) were closed. We were, however, still able to visit a church, eat lunch at a hip laundromat-café, visit an exhibit in the Saga Museum, and enjoy a gourmet (by which i mean absurdly expensive/bougie/wallet-emptying but incredibly delicious) Icelandic seafood dinner. The Hallgrímskirkja church. The main event of that day occurred after nightfall, when we drove to the lawn of the Icelandic presidents house to view the northern lights. We were worried that we wouldnt catch the aurora on our trip, and this was our final opportunity to do sofortunately, we got lucky with clear skies through which the lights were visible! The photos are a bit blurry because theyre long-exposure shots taken without a tripod, but in any case, the sky was beautiful that night. The aurora! Day 7 was our last day in Iceland. Our final destination was the Blue Lagoon geothermal spa, which we visited on our way back to the airport. Silica mud masks at Blue Lagoon. When I was trying to recruit friends to go on the trip with me, I sent an email that said there is a geothermal spa and waterfalls and a stark, breathtaking landscape. Ive never been, but Ive been to Norway, and based on that experience, Scandinavia is not just really photogenic; it is even more striking in person. I still stand by these statements (except, of course, Ive never been). With the exception of the northern lights, the real thing is better than the photos. Anyway, Im now convinced that Iceland is the country with the highest concentration of beautiful sights, and I would highly recommend traveling there to anyone who can stand cold weatherplane tickets are cheap and the landscape is gorgeous. I was grateful for the opportunity to escape the MIT bubble and the professional world, to really relax for the first time in many months. My only regret about the trip is that it couldnt be longer, and I would happily visit again someday! A final, unrelated note: now that were in the season of college decisions and CPWif youll be on campus for CPW and want to meet up, email me and Ill see what I can do! I unfortunately wont be at many scheduled events because Ill be spending a lot of time with my parents, who are visiting that weekend, but Im always interested in meeting yall. :~) Spring Break This past week was, hands down, the best spring break of my college career. It didnt seem that way at first. I was scheduled to fly out last Friday: Boston New York Houston. I managed to get to New York, but then my flight got canceled, leaving me frustrated and with an intense craving for home/family/my moms food none of which Id had in nearly a year. Things perked up slightly when I walked into my Delta-provided hotel room and saw a beautiful queen size bed. I curled up and (1) watched Finding Nemo, and (2) started reading Hunger Games. At some point, I fell into a dreamless sleep, and eight hours later, woke up to catch my flight and arrive safely in the ever-humid city of Houston, Texas. Enter: sleep, food, an absence of psets, and the realization that my younger brother is way taller than I am. I spent the first few days of Spring Break lazing about the house, taking four-hour naps a little too often and relishing the taste of home-cooked food. I dragged my mom and brother to the theater to watch Hunger Games (go watch it its awesome!) and finished the rest of the book series. I glanced briefly at homework but only to tell myself that it didnt look too bad and fully qualified for procrastination. On Tuesday, I joined three of my favorite 12s (Vidya, Helen, and Yun) on a mini-roadtrip to the small town of Brenham, home of Blue Bell ice cream. We took a tour of the ice cream factory + got free ice cream! Yummmmm :) Here are some pics from our Brenham trip (some of which are heavily edited since Vidya and Yun got a little excited about Picasas new editing features, loll): (L-R: Yun 12, Vidya 12 Imitating the owls!) (Me: freaking out about flowers) (Helen 12: reliving her childhood) (L-R: Yun 12, me bluebonnets!!) On Wednesday, Yun and I made our way to the 2012 Livestrong Assembly, held in Austin, Texas. As co-chairs for Camp Kesem MIT this year, we joined Ram 13 in repping our Camp Kesem chapter at the Assembly. Last year, Livestrong made Camp Kesem one of their community impact projects, allowing 12 new Camp Kesem chapters to be created all over the nation all of which will launch their first camps this upcoming summer. At the Assembly, we had a chance to meet Livestrong leaders and community partners from all over the world (Africa, Pakistan, Canada, and more). It was incredibly inspiring and the best part? WE GOT TO MEET LANCE ARMSTRONG!!!!! Check out this vid from the Assembly: Awesome, right??? :) Other cool things from the conference: networking with Livestrong affiliates in the Boston area, reuniting with CK people from other chapters, eating amazing food, and snuggling into queen-size beds at night. Im back in Boston now and missing Texas big-timeespecially since I have a lotttt of work to do between now and Monday. Regardless, I wouldnt have given up this Spring Break for anything. I hope all of you had fantastic Spring Breaks as well! Comment below what did you do over break?

Domestic Violence VS Animal Cruelty and Child Abuse

Over the centuries, animals have suffered from cruelty from humans. In the United States, animals are beaten, neglected, or forced to struggle for survival. Animals have been inflicted with pain from humans for reasons other than self-defense. They have been slaughtered for their food and fur for personal gain in profit. In a majority of cases they have even been abused for someone’s own personal amusement or out of rage filled impulses. In some cases animals are found and rescued. They are given the second chance in life to experience what life should be like compared to what they once had. Many jurisdictions around the world have enacted laws that forbid cruelty to animals but most of the time they vary by country and the use or†¦show more content†¦The first is acts of omission, meaning abuse from lack of action to take care of their animals. Passive cruelty can be referred to cases of neglect of animals. Some examples of neglect are starvation, dehydration, parasi te infestations, allowing a collar to grow into an animal’s skin, no shelter in extreme weather, unsanitary conditions with no food or water and failure to seek veterinary care when necessary. Active cruelty also referred to as non-accidental injury, is implied when a person deliberately or intentionally causes harm to an animal. This action can also be linked between abuse within the home of women and children. This reveals the family member or person has a serious psychological issue and may commit more actions of violence. The origin of the association between animal abuse and domestic violence remains unclear as do the factors that make the connection. This connection between the cruelties could be better understood in a larger context of the human-animal bond. â€Å"The evidence demonstrating the importance of the human-animal bond in human functioning and well-being will make the strong relationship that many battered women have with their pets understandable† (D omestic Violence and Animal Cruelty). Animals are a part of the home environment of humans. The bond shared between women and their pets make it possible for abusers to control women by abusing their pets. â€Å"The link between animal abuse and womenShow MoreRelatedAnimal Cruelty And Domestic Violence Essay1679 Words   |  7 Pages Animal Cruelty and Domestic Violence: Intersections of Abuse Animals are an important and valued part of many families and cultures. In many households, animals are considered members of the family, receive Christmas and birthday presents, and are cared for just as a human child would be. 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In fact slavery was practiced right here in Australia and for the purposes of this essay in the North -WestRead MoreCriminal Investigation Notes3449 Words   |  14 Pagesof blood * Cadaveric spasm - body freezes in its position due to quick death * Body temperature - usually determines time of death,  outside  variances * Eyes * Insects - type of insect determine where victim was killed   * Animals * Water    Gunshot wounds    Tattooing * Gunpowder appears on victims * Measures distance from shooter Smudging  Ã‚     Ã‚   Types    Entrance   * Usually smaller Exit * Usually larger   Shotgun evidence * No  ballisticsRead MoreInterpersonal Behavior : Doris Maat And Bob Milgrom2991 Words   |  12 PagesSamantha Mottola Interpersonal Behavior Doris Maat Bob Milgrom 12/16/14 Final Exam A. Discuss at least three forms of love that you have experienced or encountered, such as romantic love, friendship, familial love, empathy, love of nature, art, animals, ect. How do these types of love differ from one another? What do they share in common? What roles does empathy, authenticity and/or self-esteem play in these various relationships? In my life I have experienced all kinds of love. I have loved andRead MoreSociology Essay20437 Words   |  82 PagesExplanations of the Role of Families in society Unit 1.3 Social Change and Families and Households: Demographic trends and statistical evidence Unit 1.4 Marriage, Cohabitation and Divorce Unit 1.5 Older Relatives and Children in Families Unit 1.6 Domestic Division of Labour Debate and Power Relationships Unit 1.7 Social Policy and the Future of Families and Households Module 2 Education Unit 2.1 Introduction to the Sociology of Education Unit 2.2 Developments in Education from the 19th CenturyRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pages GP NOTES 2010 (ESSAY) Content Page 1. Media a. New vs. Traditional b. New: narcissistic? c. Government Censorship d. Profit-driven Media e. Advertising f. 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Nuclear technologyRead MoreEssay Paper84499 Words   |  338 PagesFraternization †¢ 4–16, page 27 Standards of conduct †¢ 4–17, page 27 Employment and volunteer work of spouse †¢ 4–18, page 27 Hazing †¢ 4–194–20, page 28 Informal funds †¢ 4–21, page 29 Misuse of Government travel charge cards †¢ 4–22, page 29 Domestic Violence Amendment to the Gun Control Act of 1968 †¢ 4–23, page 30 Chapter 5 Other Responsibilities of Command, page 32 General †¢ 5–1, page 32 Appearance before congressional committees †¢ 5–2, page 32 Political activities †¢ 5–3, page 32 Command aspectsRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagespayment system has important implications for organizational success, Fayol believed that effective reward systems should be equitable for both employees and the organization, encourage productivity by rewarding well-directed effort, not be subject to abuse, and be uniformly applied to employees. STABILITY OF TENURE OF PERSONNEL Fayol also recognized the importance of long-term employment, and the idea has been echoed by contemporary management gurus such as Tom Peters, Jeff Pfeffer, and William Ouchi

The Theory Of Personality Development Essay - 2133 Words

Theories of personality, ones that have both differences and similarities among each other, are of significance for they offer comprehensive information about human nature. From Freud’s psychoanalysis to Bandura’s modeling theory, these theories are not necessarily rigid and firm as they may not enable one to understand the personality development of all individuals from various backgrounds, whether ethnic or socioeconomic. Abraham Maslow, a psychologist considered to be the founder of the humanistic psychological approach, focuses on positive human qualities and although he had what is described as a â€Å"miserable† childhood, full of inferiority feelings and compensation, he claimed that as a society, we underestimate human nature (Schultz, 2013). To Maslow, personality development is based on the hierarchy of five innate needs, ones arranged from strongest (the need for self-actualization), largely, higher motives of altruism and morality to weakest, such as the physiological need for food. This paper aims to first, discuss Maslow’s Needs-Hierarch Theory, and to further, assess which needs are not met by refugees, and if not met, would this be indicative that the personality of refugees would not develop properly; in a healthy way? More so, can an individual, specifically a refugee, fulfill the need for self-actualization, while lacking the other needs? Subsequently, the final purpose of this paper is to evaluate the theory on the basis of how well it addresses the realShow MoreRelatedPersonality Theory Of Personality Development1325 Words   |  6 PagesMany personality theorists offered different explanations for human behaviors as well as established specific stages of personality development. However, person centered theory does not have a theory of personality structure, rather believes that it is essential to follow certain principles in order to develop the self-concept. Rogers’s theory of personality is based on the notion that all individuals ha ve the innate ability to reach actualizing tendency and establish a self-concept, which is congruentRead MoreThe Theory Of Personality Development Essay1128 Words   |  5 Pagesthey respond to times the way that they do? Personalities, everyone has a different personality. Personality development are the patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviors that set you apart from another individual. Many of the theories revolve around that personality is something that begins when you are an infant. Adult personality traits are one of the personalities believed to be based off of infant temperament. That means that their personality traits begin to differ early on in life. SomeRead MoreTheories of Personality Development3138 Words   |  13 PagesTHEORIES OF PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT (2 Credits/Compulsory) Course Code: CED 403 Course Title: Theories of Personality Development and Adjustment. Number of Credits: 2 Credits Course Duration: Two hours per week for 15 weeks (30 hours). As taught in 2010/2011 session Lecturer’s name: ONIYE, Abdulrazaq Olayinka Qualifications: B.A.Ed (Islamic Studies Education: Usmanu Dan Fodiyo University Sokoto); M.Ed; PhD (Guidance and Counselling: University of Ilorin); Cert. (Data Processing: UniversityRead MoreThe Theory Of Personality Development Essay1646 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween opposing wishes and desires† (Collins and Makowsky, 2010, pg. 132). Repression is one of Freud’s many theories to try and explain humans’ actions and behaviors. He supposed that through operant conditioning, people have learned how to act in ways that society would consider as appropriate. Not only that, the father of psychology wrote the theory of personality development and the theories of aggression that have help sociologists understand the contemporary humans’ social behavior, on topics suchRead MoreThe Unconscious Theories Of Personality Development856 Words   |  4 PagesUnconscious There are as many theories of the effects of unconscious motivations to behavior as there are general theories of personality. Some theorists, such as Freud, consider the unconscious at the very least highly influential, if not the sole motivating force behind personality development. Unconscious motivations have been linked to genetic predispositions, and up to 50% of variances can be linked to genetics (Bleidorn et al., 2014). Psychodynamic theories are often considered to hold intellectualRead MoreThe Freudian Theory Of Personality Development1329 Words   |  6 Pagespsychoanalytic theory. She argued that in mainstream Hollywood film women were merely objects. Post war avant-garde film makers were able to stay away from the trend of commercial cinema at the time. Although, it depends on avant-garde film directors and writer’s point of view but most of the time they did not share the same styles as commercial cinema. Mulvey studied the Freudian and Lacanian philosophies on personality development. She went in depth with the Freudian psychoanalytic theory of personalityRead MoreThe Theory Of Psychology And Personality Development1802 Words   |  8 PagesPersonality Report There are many theorists that have made psychology incredible, and have paved the way for what we believe psychology to consist of today. Some important theorists that I believe have made a huge contribution are Sigmund Freud, Karen Horney, and Dollard and Miller. These theorists have all had their own view on personality development, and I believe that these ideas have shaped the way in which we view psychology today. The many interpretations of conflict, psychotherapy, and culturalRead MoreThe Theory Of Psychology And Personality Development1802 Words   |  8 Pages Personality Report There are many theorists that have made psychology incredible, and have paved the way for what we believe psychology to consist of today. Some important theorists that I believe have made a huge contribution are Sigmund Freud, Karen Horney, and Dollard and Miller. These theorists have all had their own view on personality development, and I believe that these ideas have shaped the way in which we view psychology today. The many interpretations of conflict, psychotherapy, and culturalRead MoreTheories Of Personality And Psychosocial Development2308 Words   |  10 PagesPsychoanalysis and Psychosexuality Carolyn Bennett PSY/330 Theories of Personality Maurita Hodge 04/27/2015 I have chosen psychosexual and psychosocial development; for my model of presentation. In Freudian psychology, psychosexual development is a central element of the psychoanalytic sexual drive theory, that human beings, from birth, possess an instinctual libido (sexual energy) that develops in five stages. Each stage – the oral, the anal, the phallic, the latent, and the genitalRead MoreCognitive Theory And Personality Development Essay2207 Words   |  9 PagesPersonality Development Position CBT assumes that development is continuous throughout the lifespan. Therefore, personality is adaptable. Personality development in CBT emphasizes cognitive learning processes, such as thinking and judging. Personality is developed out of learning experiences in which cognitive constructs are formed. These cognitive constructs serve as our lens in which we view the world and our future experiences (Newman Newman, 2012). Maladapted constructs often occur in early

Psy/220- Week 1 Check Point- Positive Psychology Themes Free Essays

Positive Psychology Themes I believe that positive psychology gives a better understanding that we are able to improve the quality of our own lives by making positive decisions and learning from experiences in the past. Positive psychology attempts to encourage interpersonal relationships, happiness, and positive social interactions. Personal growth and our ability to control our own destiny are also factors of positive psychology. We will write a custom essay sample on Psy/220- Week 1 Check Point- Positive Psychology Themes or any similar topic only for you Order Now In my opinion positive psychology teaches us that we have the freedom to make autonomous choices in life even though the negative influences still surround us. Through the incremental theory, positive psychology has stressed the amount of importance of human adjustment as a malleable cognitive characteristic that encourages change in our beliefs, behaviors, and environments; in order to acquire personal freedom through self-control and self-esteem Positive psychology acknowledges that we are creatures and creators of our personal and social worlds. I think that we become less creatures of our world and more creators as we assume the responsibility for the actions we take in life. Through our freedom of autonomy we develop a certain sense of morality and ethics. Positive psychology also evaluates the issue of control in relation to leading a fulfilling life. If a person has an internal locus of control they are more likely to push to achieve their full potential in the things they do. On the other hand those with an external locus of control feel powerless within their own lives and attempt to settle for less than what they deserve because they feel they have no control over their life. If we were to fully understand the themes of positive psychology we could become more qualified to improve our own lives. How to cite Psy/220- Week 1 Check Point- Positive Psychology Themes, Papers

Case study on budget management and financial planning

Question: Describe about the Budget Management and Financial Planning. Answer: Introduction The current study presents in detail different characteristics and nature of budgeting and mentions about a variety of tools as well as procedures of financial management to assess the overall financial budget prepared for Big Red Bicycle Pty Ltd. However, the primary purpose of the current study also includes examination of a number of different variables that are imperative for carrying out the budgeting analysis. The first section of the study presents the original master budget file and thereafter the amended master budget file. The original master budget is amended according to the change in the requirements to form an updated budget report for the financial year 2011 and 2012. Therefore, the updated master budget also shows in detail the variance and the percentage change. The report also presents the expense budget from the sales centre. The sales centre expenditure budget also helps in presenting the appropriate presentation of cost (Anandarajah et al 2009). These two tables that is the updated budget report and the sales centre expenditure budget helps in understanding that the adjustments in these reports have immense influence on the master budget. Therefore, the first section of the project primarily carries out the examination of the cost centre for appropriate scrutiny of the budget. This includes keeping track of the changes and reflecting of the changes in the updated budget and developing arguments for the alterations and negotiating all the different changes. The second section of the study focuses on the assessment of the risk associated to the special project. This section also includes development of an appropriate contingency plan in order to eradicate the risk of decline in sales based on the understanding of the current economic climate. Review of the master budget and cost centre budgets Pty Ltd for the financial year 2011/2012 Figure 1: Master Budget Report Updated Master Budget for FY 2011/2012 with absolute variance and % change Figure 2: Changes in Master Budget File The updated master budget report shows the change in the rate of commission from 2% of sales to 2.5% of the sales. However, this has added significantly to the cost of goods sold and the has raised the total cost of cost sold from 660000 to 675000. This in turn has lead to decline in the overall gross profit of the organization from 2340000 to 2325000. The general and administrative expenses, the marketing expense, employment expense and the occupancy cost has remained the same during the period. In addition to this, the net profit before calculation of the interest and tax has also declined from budgeted figure of 938500 to 923500. The income tax that is calculated on the net profit therefore has also decreased in actual figure from 234625 to 230875 due to decline in the overall net profit of the organization (Anandarajah et al 2009). The table below shows the sales centre expense budget that takes into account the expenses incurred by the company for the office supply, wages determined, the telephone expenses and the commissions paid. According to the two tables presented above, that is the table on the updated master budget report and the segmented cost table of the sales centre, it can be hereby inferred that the particular adjustments exerts immense influence on the entire master budget as well as the cost centre of the corporation Big Red Bicycle Pty Ltd (Anandarajah et al 2009). As presented in the table, the net profit of the organization has decreased in all the quarters and on the other hand the expenditures have increased considerably. In addition to this, it is also apparent from the table above that the sales commission has also increased that in turn has increased the overall cost of goods sold. The previous gross profit was registered to be 2360000 that have now declined to 2325000 owing to the increase in the percentage of commission on the sales leading to variance of 15000. The sales in the first, third and the fourth quarter are registered to be less than 30% of the fourth quarter. However, the sa les in the 2nd quarter depend completely on the successful accomplishment of the repair and maintenance. However, the percentage of commission is negotiated and settled at a higher rate of 2.5%. Conclusion The above study elucidates in detail that a skilled human resource manger can be deployed in order to properly organize the workers to contribute to this specific process of budgetary planning. The current also stresses on the need of proper monitoring of the overall operation of the organization and evaluation of the same using different performance monitoring tools directed at cost minimization as well as profit maximization objective of the organization. The effective implementation program also can uphold the comprehensive strategic financial and the budgetary planning process. The line managers need to check the productivity of the function and the competence of the workforce to move up the efficiency in addition to the profitability of the company Big Red Bicycle Pty Ltd. However, the recognized skill gaps can be detected and bridged by means of apposite training initiatives (Cheng, 2012). The workforce can thereby be trained in order to add value to the human resource of the b usiness. Again, the reduction in the overall wastage of the business operation can increase the efficiency of the operations and at the same time lessen the cost of production, in that way increasing the profit of the company on the whole. Apart from this, the primary objectives of the preparation as well as the presentation of the budget can be met by way of appropriate assessment and implementation of the contingency plan imperative for mitigation of the anticipated risks that might be countered by the organization. References Bekaert, G. and Hodrick, R. (2014). International financial management. Harlow, Essex: Pearson. Bhimani, A. (2012). Management and cost accounting. Harlow, England: Financial Times/Prentice Hall. Brigham, E., Garpenski, L. and Daves, P. (2010). Intermediate financial management. Mason, OH: South-Western. Charupat, N., Huang, H. and Milevsky, M. (2012). Strategic financial planning over the lifecycle. New York: Cambridge University Press. Cheng, M. (2012). The joint effect of budgetary participation and broad scope management accounting systems on management performance. Asian Review of Accounting, 20(3), pp.184-197. Drury, C. (2012). Management and cost accounting. Andover: Cengage Learning. Fernndez, P. (2013). Company valuation methods.Available at SSRN 274973. Finch, B. (2010). Effective financial management. London: Kogan Page. Horngren, C. (2011). Introduction to management accounting. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Horngren, C., Harrison, W. and Oliver, M. (2012). Accounting. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. Mikesell, J. (2013).Fiscal administration. Cengage Learning. Anandarajah, A., Aseervatham, A. and Reid, H., (2009).Manage Budgets and Financial Plans: Managing Finance. Pearson Education Australia.

Brand Marketing and Communication Challenges for Mercedes

Labor Unions essays

Labor Unions essays A labor union is as defined in the dictionary, an organization of wage earners formed for the purpose of serving the members' interests with respect to wages and working conditions. Today there are about 16 million workers in the U.S. that belong to a labor union. The pressure upon the employers to raise wages and improve working conditions in a major goal of the labor unions. Labor unions have been around for a long time. The earlier unions were called craft unions, consisting of only a couple members who worked in the same craft. The way unions negotiate for an employment contract is by collective bargaining. Collective bargaining is negotiation between the representatives of organized workers and their employer or employers to determine wages, hours, rules, and working conditions. When in collective bargaining, the unions represent its members in negotiations rather than have each worker negotiate individually with an employer. In order for the collective bargaining process can st art a union shop must be organized. A union shop is a business or industrial establishment whose employees are required to be union members or to agree to join the union within a specified time after being hired. Once a union shop is formed the union will look to negotiate a labor contract, which is a written agreement between the employer and the union representing employees. The labor contract sets the conditions of employment. Although many union contracts are worked out through collective bargaining, there are times when this process fails to bring agreement between the union and management. In looking to achieve the unions goals, labor unions may use a variety of tactics. For example: striking, picketing, boycotting, slowdown, and in some cases illegal methods. A strike is when workers stop working for the purpose of gaining concessions from management. Strike is labors most powerful weapon because of the financial loss imposed upon the emp...

Stem Education Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Stem Education - Term Paper Example STEM education is a very different from education that deals with a different approach to learning and teaching so as to integrate the overall content of technology, mathematics, science, and engineering. The practice standards of this specific type of education are aligned towards a behavioral combination that needs to be present to the students who are undergoing such form of learning. The behaviors that are essential to a learning approach comprises of logical reasoning, investigation, inquiry, and collaboration (Hill, Bloom, Black & Lipsey, 2008).The major aim of such education is that the students should be proficient enough to answer various complex questions that are related to science, mathematics, technology, and engineering. The learning approaches for this form of education would be totally different in relation to the traditional education system (Stone, Alfeld & Pearson, 2008).The teaching procedure is based more on real life investigation where the students are taught m ultiple ways so as to investigate different kinds of global issues and create solutions that would be applicable for real-time problems and challenges. The STEM education is more focused towards developing the skills in the students which would help them to deal efficiently with real-time situations.The teachers who deliver this form of education needs to be continuously updated on the various changes that are taking place across the globe so that they are able to transmit the right information to their students.

Sleeping Pill Ambien Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Sleeping Pill Ambien - Essay Example The jobs, relationships, productivity, health and safety are all put at risk. And lack of sleep due to sleep loss or sleep disorders is taking a serious toll globally. There are many who experience problems with sleep and often depend on sleeping pills. Sleeping pills belong to a larger group of substances known as the sedative-hypnotics, which slow down or "sedate" the central nervous system that includes the brain, and spinal cord. This affects thinking, feeling, and body movement and function (AADAC, 2003). Sleeping pills are not a new concept. Herbal potions and the opiate laudanum were used centuries ago to induce sleep. Barbiturates were introduced by the early 1900s. Later in 60s benzodiazepines were introduced. And in 90s a safer class of drugs for sleeplessness known as nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics came into the market (Mayo clinic staff 2007). Sleeping pills act by binding with protein molecules called GABA receptors on the surface of nerve cells. The same protein receptor molecules bind at the same time with a neurotransmitter chemical called GABA. Barbiturates and other sleeping pills accentuate the action of GABA which causes the receptor molecule to allow the negatively charged chloride ions to enter the nerve cells. The chloride ions then make the inside the nerve cell more negatively polarized, which in turn, makes the nerve cells less active. In the 1970's, a new group of sleeping pills became popular, molecules which chemically are named benzodiazepines. The main advantage of benzodiazepines is that they are less likely to produce acute overdose deaths than barbiturates (Kripke 2006). Chemical Structure of Zolpidem (Ambien) Source: Wikipedia Zolpidem (Ambien): Mechanism of action Zolpidem (Ambien) is used for the short-term treatment of insomnia. Zolpidem is a prescription short-acting nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic that potentiates gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter, by binding to benzodiazepine type 1 (BZ1) receptors. However, zolpidem binds more exclusively to some of the several kinds of benzodiazepine receptors, and as a result it causes less anti-anxiety effect, less muscle weakness and less anti-epileptic effect than most benzodiazepines. It has been claimed that zolpidem distorts EEG sleep patterns less than other hypnotics and that it produces

Microprocessor based water level controller

Microprocessor based water level controller Microprocessor: The processor is the portion of a computer system that carries out the instructions of a computer program and is the primary element carrying out the computers function. The form, design and implementation of CPUs have changed but their fundamental operation remains the same. The microprocessor contains all the central processing unit (CPU) functions and is the ‘engine that goes into motion when you turn your computer on. The microprocessor is designed to perform arithmetic and logic operations that make use of small number holding areas called registers.The diagram of microprocessor is given as under: Also microprocessor is a multipurpose, programmable, clock-driven, register based electronic device that reads binary instructions from a storage device called memory, accepts binary data as input and processes data according to those instructions and provides as output. A microprocessor incorporates most or all of the functions of a central processing unit (CPU) on a single integrated circuit (IC). The first microprocessors emerged in the early 1970s and were used for electronic calculators, using binary-coded decimal arithmetic on 4-bit words. Other embedded uses of 4- and 8-bit microprocessors, such as terminals, printers, various kinds of automation etc, followed rather quickly. Affordable 8-bit microprocessors with 16-bit addressing also led to the first general purpose microcomputers in the mid-1970s.The most reliable circuit is water level Controller circuit which takes the task of indicating and Controlling the water level in the overhead water tanks. The LED Bar graph is use d for displaying the water level.The water level is sensed with the help of copper probes. The probes which have to be monitored are inserted into the water tank.This water-level Controller circuit is configured around the well-known 8 bit Microprocessor 8085. It continuously monitors the overhead water level and display it and also switch ‘off† the motor when the tank fills and it will automatically switch On the Motor when the water level is low. The Microprocessor will also indicate the water level over the LED display. All the input and output functions are done through the Programmable Peripheral Interface IC 8255. Product Categories for water level controller: Liquid Level Switches Liquid Level Sensors Level Sensors Level controllers Water Quality testing instruments Level Guages Ph controlllers Introduction to Water Level Controller: In most houses,water is first stored in an underground tank (UGT) and from there it is pumped up to the overhead tank (OHT) located on the roof. People generally switch on the pump when their taps go dry and switch off the pump when the overhead tank starts overflowing. This results in the unnecessary wastage and sometimes non-availability of water in the case of emergency. The simple circuit presented here makes this system automatic, i.e. it switches on the pump when the water level in the overhead tank goes low and switches it off as soon as the water level reaches a pre-determined level. It also prevents ‘dry run of the pump in case the level in the underground tank goes below the suction level. In the figure, the common probes connecting the underground tank and the overhead tank to +9V supply are marked ‘C. The other probe in underground tank, which is slightly above the ‘dry run level, is marked ‘S. The low-level and high-level probes in the overhead tank are marked ‘L and ‘H, respectively. When there is enough water in the underground tank, probes C and S are connected through water. As a result, transistor T1 gets forward biased and starts conducting. This, in turn, switches transistor T2 on. Initially, when the overhead tank is empty, transistors T3 and T5 are in cut-off state and hence pnp transistors T4 and T6 get forward biased via resistors R5 and R6, respectively. As all series-connected transistors T2, T4, and T6 are forward biased, they conduct to energise relay RL1 (which is also connected in series with transistors T2, T4, and T6). Thus the supply to the pump motor gets completed via the lower set of relay contacts (assuming that switch S2 is on) and the pump starts filling the overhead tank. Once the relay has energised, transistor T6 is bypassed via the upper set of contacts of the relay. As soon as the water level touches probe L in the overhead tank, transistor T5 gets forward biased and starts conducting. This, in turn, reverse biases transistor T6, which then cuts off. But since transistor T6 is bypassed through the relay contacts, the pump continues to run. The level of water continues to rise. When the water leve l touches probe H, transistor T3 gets forward biased and starts conducting. This causes reverse biasing of transistor T4 and it gets cut off. As a result, the relay de-energises and the pump stops. Transistors T4 and T6 will be turned on again only when the water level drops below the position of L probe. Presets VR1, VR2, and VR3 are to be adjusted in such a way that transistors T1, T3, and T5 are turned on when the water level touches probe pairs C-S, C-H, and C-L, respectively. Resistor R4 ensures that transistor T2 is ‘off in the absence of any base voltage. Similarly, resistors R5 and R6 ensure that transistors T4 and T6 are ‘on in the absence of any base voltage. Switches S1 and S2 can be used to switch on and switch off, respectively, the pump manually.You can make and install probes on your own as per the requirement and facilities available. However, we are describing here how the probes were made for this prototype. The author used a piece of non-metallic condu it pipe (generally used for domestic wiring) slightly longer than the depth of the overhead tank. The common wire C goes up to the end of the pipe through the conduit. The wire for probes L and H goes along with the conduit from the outside and enters the conduit through two small holes bored into it as shown in Fig. 2.Care has to be taken to ensure that probes H and L do not touch wire C directly. Insulation of wires is to be removed from the points shown. The same arrangement can be followed for the underground tank also. To avoid any false triggering due to interference, a shielded wire may be used. The Water Level Controller System is an Electronic Equipment which when electrically connected to the starter of any given Pump-set motor will control the operation of the pumpset depending upon the water level in the Source and Destination Storage Tanks. Advanced Automatic â€Å"WATER LEVEL CONTROLLER† unit Manufactured by M.V.Instruments is a Microprocessor based Electronic Device. This system when electrically connected to an Pumpset starter, performs the following functions automatically: Switches ON the Pump set when Water level drops below pre-set level (i.e. T2 level) in Overhead Tank. Switches OFF the Pump set when Water level in Overhead Tank becomes full (i.e. T1 level). Switches OFF the Pump set when Water level is low in Sump/Well/Borewell (i.e. S2 level). Switches ON the Pump set when there is sufficient water in the Sump/ Well / Borewell (i.e. S1 level). Switches OFF the Pump set when there is a Dry run (i.e. when Water is not being pumped into Overhead Tank due to any reason). Low Voltage and High Voltage Protection for the Pump set is incorporated. The system has Surge Voltage/Current Protection for the Pump set. All these functions are automatically performed. Manual interference is absolutely not required. Manual operation is also possible if and when required by operating the switch in Manual Position. Paragon Water Filters use a unique 5-Stage filtration system that combines the cleaning capabilities of Activated Carbon with the new technology of KDF-55: The first stage consists of a micron filter locked into place, preventing water from forming paths or channels along the sides of the unit. Once the first micron filter has removed any large particles, the water goes through a series of chambers FIVE STAGES IN ALL. The media filtration process begins with KDF-55, which uses an electrochemical process to reduce Chlorine and improve taste and odor. Water passes through progressively finer micron filters as it travels through the unit, to assure removal of particles and to separate the media so that they operate at maximum effectiveness. The final chamber contains the highest quality Granular Activated Carbon. Water tastes best when aerated with carbon, so this final stage assures that you water is as refreshing as it is clear. Principle: The Autonics Water Level Modulating controlsystem is a single element Electro-pneumaticcontrol with a pneumatic Positioner and PID/Fuzzysystem. The system comprises a Transmitter,converter module, float chamber, a feedline-modulating control valve and an electronic microprocessor based PID/FUZZY controller. Pid Fuzzy Level Controller: Description: The Autonic Water Level Modulating control system is a single element Electro-pneumatic control with apositioner and PID auto tuning system. i) A Level Transmitter with double-float chamber is mounted on the boiler shell, fitted with a coil which can be make according to the requirement. ii) A flanged mount fully stainless steel Control valve, fitted with a positioner and pneumatic actuator, which is mounted in the boiler feedline. iii) A microprocessor-based PID/FUZZY Level controller is mounted on the control panel. iv) An electronic Converter module is also mounted on the control panel. Operation: A positive change of water level in the boiler alters the level transmitter inductance value of coil causing an imbalance in the system. This signal is transmitted through the electronic control box and connected to PID controller. Then the microprocessor-based PID level controller transmitted anelectrical signal to the pneumatic positioner to position and adjusts the position of control valve. A additional low/high water level alarm or burner cut out contact are also provided in the microprocessor-based level controller with the adjustable setting position. Installation note: The water connection from the boiler to the float chamber should be, as short as possible and the level transmitter float chamber should be mounted close to gauge glasses. If required our technical staff will advice on individual installations. Important notice: Electronic level module and level controller must not be subjected to either vibration or excessive temperature. It is therefore recommended that they be not mounted directly on to the boiler shell. Specifications : Control valve : The V control valve has many different inserts for precision throttling control. The inserts are pinnedto the END CAPS, and are used in conjunction with any of our standard seats. They are designed tochange the flow characteristics of the valve and are offered in different shapes to meet a variety ofmodulating application. For very low Cv applications, a specially designed â€Å"Soft† V insert incorporateboth the flow element and the ball seal into one component, and maintains continuous contact with theball. This arrangement provides excellent low end accuracy (EQ%) and repeatability. Automatic Water Level Modulating Control System: Operating Principle: Transmitter: Detect the water levels in the drum and send signal to the digital controller. Digital controller With the signal given by the Transmitter and the controller will show the level on the meter (Process value) and it requite a Set Value to control the level. The signal converted and it sends to control valve to give an indication. Control Valve The control valve work depend on the signal given by controller and after done the job it send a feed back signal to controller for confirmation. The valve open is depending on supply air with the signal given by controller and the Positioner then adjustment opening of valve will be make. OTHER: The MC9200 Series Cooling Tower Controller is a microprocessor based controller of recirculating cooling water systems. The MC9200 accurately controls the level of dissolved solids based on  µS/cm, and depending on model selection, control conductivity and pH. The cooling tower controllers feature: One user selectable chemical feed timer and up to two 28-day event timers Lockable viewing window Two point calibration Dry contact water meter input capability Alarm powered dry contact relays Optional 4-20mA output capability Alarm LED, relay or optional callback status 216 alphanumeric display Convenient keypad menu access, display contrast adjustment and HOA access control Self charging capacitor to maintain time and history for up to two weeks in the event of a power loss to controller Relay, general alarm, flow alarm and power status LEDs DIN connections for conductivity sensor and I/O Prewired incoming power and relay output connections on specified models (receptacle cords) Modular flow assembly with flow switch, quick release sensors and sample port mounted on the polyethylene panel Optional remote communications capability via direct serial line or modem connection Features: 1 Chemical Feed Timer Two Point Calibration DIN connections for I/O Full 24 months warranty Ph Control Made Easy: The CHEMTROL 240 is a microprocessor-based digital controller designed to maintain the pH level in water treatment applications. Standard Features:- All Functions on Front Panel Adjustable Setpoint Adjustable Alarms Proportional Feed Overfeed Safety Timer Waterproof Cabinet Easy to install Simple to use 5-year Electronics Warranty Toll-Free Technical Support The bright LCD display shows pH readings, calibration adjustments and alarm limits. The five LED lights indicate the operating mode (OFF, Manual or Auto), feed status, out-of-range alarms and overfeed alarms. The front panel controls include setpoint, calibration, low and high alarm limits, safety timer limit and proportional feed adjustment. Feed control is either ON/OFF or Proportional. The Proportional Feed feature is particularly useful to avoid overfeeding in small bodies of water. It reduces the feed cycle time progressively as the sensor reading gets closer to the setpoint. General The controller shall provide microprocessor based control of recirculating cooling water systems. Accurately control the level of dissolved solids based on ïÆ' ¬S/cm, and depending on model selection,control conductivity and pH. Controller shall also provide: One user selectable chemical feed timer and up to two 28-day event timers. a. Lockable viewing window. b. Two point calibration. c. Dry contact water meter input capability. d. Alarm powered and dry contact relays. e. Optional 4-20mA output capability. f. Alarm LED, relay and optional remote callback status. g. 2 x 16 alphanumeric display. h. Convenient keypad menu access, display contrast 2. Adjustment and HOA relay control. a. Self charging capacitor to maintain time and history for 3. Up to two weeks in the event of a power loss to controller. a. Relay, general alarm, flow alarm and power status LEDs. b. DIN connections for conductivity sensor and I/O. c. Prewired incoming power and relay output connections 4. On specified models (receptacle cords). a. Modular flow assembly with flow switch, quick release 5. Sensors and sample port mounted on a polyethylene panel. a. Optional remote communications capability via direct 6. Serial line or modem connection. a. A full 24 months warranty. Control Functions All continuously monitored sensor input functions (conductivity, pH) will provide user definable set points for maintaining a specific value within the system. Each set point will have a user definable differential as the control band, programmable high and low alarm points and user defined limit timer for pH. Chemical Feed Timer The chemical feed timer shall be user selectable as any one of the following: Percent User will be able to select a percent ON time of a user defined cycle time. Limit Timer will run as controller bleeds until a user programmed limit time is met or the bleed is satisfied. Percent of Post-Bleed Timer will run for a user defined percentage of the bleed time after bleed is satisfied. Pulse Timer Timer initiated from dry contacting head water meter. User can define timer run time, water meter input and contact accumulation before timer initiation. Remote Communications: The controller shall have the optional capability of serial communications using PULSAworks software. The serial communications can occur either by direct RS232 port, or remotely via an optional internal modem. PULSAworks allows the user to access real-time system values and remotely change operating parameters. The user may download data history files and save files to disk. History files may be viewed and printed in table or graph form, the graph form can be user customized. The optional internal modem allows the controller to perform alarm call back for alarm condition notification to a pager or computer running. There are other various types of water level controllers in which some of them are as under: IC 8255. Digital Water Level Recorder The standard virtual make water level recorder consists of a weatherproof enclosure which contains the data logger, level sensor and power supply, and comes complete with a solar panel and data shuttle. The system is powered by rechargeable sealed maintenance free batteries with integral 12V/10W solar panel, which will easily keep the batteries charged throughout the year. Unattended recording of Water level with maximum and minimum level, Standard program and user-friendly software . Data retrieval by Data shuttle to your Computer, Suitable for mounting in a variety of locations, Memory range more than 8250 data sets extendable up to more than 16500. Digital Water Level Recorder (Pressure Type) This is a Micro controller based Automatic Water Level Recorder reflect state of the art in micro controller based instrumentation design. The Water Level sensor can be attached with this data logger for the collection of real time data automatically. The micro controller has its internal memory along with an additional 128K EEprom, a real time clock with an LCD (16 X 2) to display the instrument status. Piezo-resistive silicon strain gauge, bounded to 316 SS diaphragm, and integral cable contain a vent tube for Barometric pressure compensation. Comes with three ranges 10 meter, 35 meter 100 meter Ground Water Monitoring System: The new SEBA Data Logger type MDS Dipper-3(T3) is the consequential further development of the well proven MDS Dipper for continuous registration in ground and surface water, with special focus to the operation data security. A watch-dog-function, integrated in the MDS-DipperT3 supervises continuously the microprocessor activities and so it provides a high operation security. Undefined system conditions are recognized immediately and eliminated by the Watch-dog function. High accurate, robust ceramic pressure measuring cell for different measuring ranges (i.e. 1 bar, 2 bar, etc.) and Temperature sensor for 025 °C or 050 °C. The MDS Dipper-3(T3) is equipped with a Flash-memory (Flash-RAM). The acquired measuring data are stored in a ring memory organization. Due to the described double data storage, you have access to the complete measured data in the archive data backup, even in case of breakdown of the power supply Measuring system for the observation of groundwater measuring sites, pumping tests, construction areas, Surface water levels Made of stainless steel High data security due to additional flash-memory Watch-dog-function for high operation security Maintenance-free, battery life time >10 years, exchangeable battery Installation in tubes from 1† diameter Optional connection via Bluetooth at Extra Cost

Hawthorn Paper :: essays research papers

Hawthorne’s Use of Symbolism in The Scarlet Letter In The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne masterfully weaves many themes and character development to format the plot of this novel. The themes of The Scarlet Letter are carried out through symbolism and the four main characters: Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale, Roger Chillingworth, and Pearl. In The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne hoped to show that although Hester and Dimmesdale sinned, they achieved the wisdom of self knowledge and inner growth through their suffering. Before the novel actually begins, there is a section of the book entitled "The Custom House". While this is not an essential part of the novel, it provides insight into Nathaniel Hawthorne and the story itself. Here the reader learns that Hawthorne’s ancestors were strict Puritans. One of his ancestors, Judge Hawthorne, was an actual judge during the Salem Witch Trials. Although Hawthorne did not actually live during the Puritan era, he still felt guilty of his ancestors’ actions. He was angered by the hypocrisy of the Puritan government and the Puritan church which condemned sins, yet committed them. This becomes apparent to the reader throughout the course of the novel. Hawthorne himself believed that "The Custom House" essay was primarily liable for the book’s popularity. "The Custom House," meeting the public’s stipulations for sunshine and substantiality, was, among other things, his way of making up for the unadorned dimness and ambiguity of his mythical and symbolic vision in the novel itself (Crowley 20). Hawthorne seems to have desired to accomplish something more than a frame or penned in tale with the use of "The Custom House" in The Scarlet Letter (Tharpe 63). Every character re-enacts the "Custom House" scene in which Hawthorne himself contemplated the letter, so that the entire "romance" becomes a kind of exposition of the nature of symbolic perception (Kaul 67). A large fraction of the opening chapter is appointed to the rosebush and to some weeds that grow next to the prison. Hawthorne assumes that a wild rose beside the prison door may help to symbolize some fresh virtuous blossom, that may be found along the path, or relieve the drowning ending of an account of human fragility and anguish (Waggoner 119). In the opening chapters the scarlet "A" upon Hester Prynne’s bosom is the object of the entire community. The minds of the general public are confirmed in the mold of Puritan thought, and the real Hester for them is the adulteress. Hawthorn Paper :: essays research papers Hawthorne’s Use of Symbolism in The Scarlet Letter In The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne masterfully weaves many themes and character development to format the plot of this novel. The themes of The Scarlet Letter are carried out through symbolism and the four main characters: Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale, Roger Chillingworth, and Pearl. In The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne hoped to show that although Hester and Dimmesdale sinned, they achieved the wisdom of self knowledge and inner growth through their suffering. Before the novel actually begins, there is a section of the book entitled "The Custom House". While this is not an essential part of the novel, it provides insight into Nathaniel Hawthorne and the story itself. Here the reader learns that Hawthorne’s ancestors were strict Puritans. One of his ancestors, Judge Hawthorne, was an actual judge during the Salem Witch Trials. Although Hawthorne did not actually live during the Puritan era, he still felt guilty of his ancestors’ actions. He was angered by the hypocrisy of the Puritan government and the Puritan church which condemned sins, yet committed them. This becomes apparent to the reader throughout the course of the novel. Hawthorne himself believed that "The Custom House" essay was primarily liable for the book’s popularity. "The Custom House," meeting the public’s stipulations for sunshine and substantiality, was, among other things, his way of making up for the unadorned dimness and ambiguity of his mythical and symbolic vision in the novel itself (Crowley 20). Hawthorne seems to have desired to accomplish something more than a frame or penned in tale with the use of "The Custom House" in The Scarlet Letter (Tharpe 63). Every character re-enacts the "Custom House" scene in which Hawthorne himself contemplated the letter, so that the entire "romance" becomes a kind of exposition of the nature of symbolic perception (Kaul 67). A large fraction of the opening chapter is appointed to the rosebush and to some weeds that grow next to the prison. Hawthorne assumes that a wild rose beside the prison door may help to symbolize some fresh virtuous blossom, that may be found along the path, or relieve the drowning ending of an account of human fragility and anguish (Waggoner 119). In the opening chapters the scarlet "A" upon Hester Prynne’s bosom is the object of the entire community. The minds of the general public are confirmed in the mold of Puritan thought, and the real Hester for them is the adulteress.

Alternative hypothesis Essay

A hypothesis is a statement about the value of a population parameter. The population of interest is so large that for various reasons it would not be feasible to study all the items, or persons, in the population. Analternative to measuring or interviewing the entire population is to take a sample from the population of interest. We can, therefore, test a statement to determine whether the empirical evidence does or does not support the statement. Hypothesis testing starts with a statement, or assumption, about a population parameter – such as the population mean. As noted, this statement is referred to as a hypothesis. A hypothesis might be that the mean monthly commission of salespeople in retail computer stores is $2,000. We cannot contact all these salespeople to ascertain that the mean is in fact $2,000. The cost of locating and interviewing every computer salesperson in the whole country would be exorbitant. To test the validity of the assumption (population mean = $2,000), we must select a sample from the population consisting of all computer salespeople, calculate sample statistics, and based on certain decision rules accept or reject the hypothesis. A sample mean of $1,000 for the computer salespeople would certainly cause rejection of the hypothesis. However, suppose the sample mean is $1,995. Is that close enough to $2,000 for us to accept the assumption that the population mean is $2,000? Can we attribute the difference of $5 between the two means to sampling (chance), or is that difference statistically significant? Hypothesis testing is a procedure based on sample evidence and probability theory to determine whether the hypothesis is a reasonable statement and should not be rejected, or is unreasonable and should be rejected. The null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis The null hypothesis is a tentative assumption made about the value of a population parameter. The alternative hypothesis is a statement that will be accepted if our sample data provide us with ample evidence that the null hypothesis is false. Five-step procedure for testing a hypothesis There is a five-step procedure that systematizes hypothesis testing. The steps are: Step 1. State null and alternative hypotheses. Step 2. Select a level of significance. Step 3. Identify the test statistic. Step 4. Formulate a decision rule. Step 5. Take a sample, arrive at decision (accept H 0 or reject H 0 and accept H 1 ). The first step is to state the hypothesis to be tested. It is called the null hypothesis, designated H 0 , and read â€Å" H sub-zero†. The capital letter H stands for hypothesis, and the subscript zero implies â€Å"no difference†. The null hypothesis is set up for the purpose of either accepting or rejecting it. To put it another way, the null hypothesis is a statement that will be accepted if our sample data fail to provide us with convincing evidence that it is false. It should be emphasized at this point that if the null hypothesis is accepted based on sample data, in effect we are saying that the evidence does not allow us to reject it. We cannot state, however, that the null hypothesis is true. That means, accepting the null hypothesis does not prove that H 0 is true – to prove without any doubt that the null hypothesis is true, the population parameter would have to be known. To actually determine it, we would have to test, survey, or count every item in the population and this is usually not feasible. It should also be noted that we often begin the null hypothesis by stating: â€Å"there is no significant difference between†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . When we select a sample from a population, the sample statistic is usually different from the hypothesized population parameter. We must make a judgment about the difference: is it a significant difference, or is the difference between the sample statistic and the hypothesized population parameter due to chance (sampling)? To answer this question, we conduct a test of significance. The alternative hypothesis describes what you will believe if you reject the null hypothesis. It is often called the research hypothesis, designated H 1 , and read â€Å" H sub-one†, so the alternative hypothesis will be accepted if the sample data provide us with evidence that the null hypothesis is false. The level of significance The next step, after setting up the null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis, is to state the level of significance. It is the risk we assume of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true. The level of significance is designated ï  ¡ , the Greek letter alpha. There is no one level of significance that is applied to all studies involving sampling. A decision must be made to use the 0.05 level (often stated as the 5 percent level), the 0.01 level, the 0.10 level, or any other level between 0 and 1. Traditionally, the 0.05 level is selected for customer research projects, 0.01 for quality assurance, and 0.10 for political polling – and the chosen level is the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true. The test statistic The test statistic is a value, determined from sample information, used to accept or reject the null hypothesis. There are many test statistics: z , t , and others. The decision rule; acceptance and rejection regions A decision rule is simply a statement of the conditions under which the null hypothesis is accepted or rejected. To accomplish this, the sampling distribution is divided into two regions, aptly called the region of acceptance and the region of rejection. The region or area of rejection defines the location of all those values that are so large or so small that the probability of their occurrence under a true null hypothesis is rather remote. Chart 4.1 portrays the regions of acceptance and rejection for a test of significance (a one-tailed test is being applied and the 0.05 level of significance was chosen). Note in Chart 4.1: ïÆ'Ëœ The value 1.645 separates the regions of acceptance and rejection (the value 1.645 is called the critical value). ïÆ'Ëœ The area of acceptance includes the area to the left of 1.645. ïÆ'Ëœ The area of rejection is to the right of 1.645. Thus, the critical value is a number that is the dividing point between the region of acceptance and the region of rejection. Chart 4.1. Sampling distribution for the statistic z ; regions of acceptance and rejection for a right-tailed test; 0.05 level of significance

Themes in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn which...

Mark Twain’s novel, â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884), commonly known as Huckleberry Finn or Huck Finn, colorfully depicts people and places along the great Mississippi River. the novel contains a collection of themes which transcend time and cultural boundaries. It tells of a poor white buy running from a brutal parent, and an African-American man attempting to escape and free his himself from slavery. The main character, Huckleberry Finn, spends much time in the novel floating down the Mississippi River on a raft with a runaway slave named Jim. Before he does so, however, Huck spends some time in the fictional town of St. Petersburg where a number of people attempt to influence him. Life is a journey which involves physical†¦show more content†¦He tells Huck of his plans to be a free man and make his way to the Cairo, Illinois – a free state. Initially Huck is opposed to the Jim’s quest for freedom. Their meetings together, however, radically changed not only Huck’s perception about slavery, life and people as a whole. Jim and Huck reside on Jackson Island for a time as they wait out bad weather. One night they come upon not just a raft but an entire house floating down river which eventually becomes their mode of transportation. While inspecting the house, Jim discovers Pap’s dead body in one of the rooms. He hides Pap’s face from Huck and does not reveal his true identity. Huck decides he wants to find out the latest happenings in the local area so he disguises himself as a girl and travel into town. He learns from a woman that Jim has been accused of killing Pap and that there is a $ 300.00 award for his capture. The woman is suspect of Huck’s identity and forces Huck to reveal himself when he has trouble threading a need. Fleeing before she can take further action, Huck returns to Jackson Island. He and Jim hurriedly load up and set adrift down the Mississip pi for Cairo. Missing their destination, a passing steamship swamps the raft and separates the two. Huck finds refuge with a prosperous local family, the Grangerfords and befriends their son, Buck, who is about his age. Huck learns that the Grangerfords and another local family, the Shepherdsons have been